Abstract Purpose To analyze the configurations of legitimacy, dynamic capabilities, and business resources consistent with the survival of post-incubated companies. Theoretical framework “Liability of newness” highlights that nascent companies suffer from factors that hinder their survival. However, business incubators help to develop nascent businesses. This paper seeks to show how different configurations between legitimacy, dynamic capabilities, and resources can form a strategic orientation for survival. Design/methodology/approach The strategy of multiple case studies was applied to 90 companies and the techniques of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) were used. Findings The results present two configurations of technology-based companies with high perceptions of legitimacy, resources, and dynamic capabilities that differ by size and satisfaction. A third configuration of technology-based companies has high perceptions of legitimacy and resources. A fourth configuration involves technology-based companies with high perceptions of legitimacy, a larger size, and satisfaction with the incubator. Practical & social implications of research For managers, the results make it possible to create an incubation environment that is able to identify and fill the individual gaps of the enterprises. In addition, they indicate that business incubator managers and/or funders should focus their efforts on the incubation of technology-based companies. Originality/value The first is to reinforce the central role of legitimacy for survival. The second is to show that the interrelationship between legitimacy, resources, and dynamic capabilities forms resilient organizational configurations in different ways.

Abstract Purpose Hierarchically superior bodies develop normative instructions to induce the diffusion of innovations, stimulating the adoption of management practices in supervised public bodies and seeking public administration efficiency increase. Despite this, the effectiveness of these normative instructions is unknown, as well as its inducing and lasting effects in the diffusion of these innovations, especially in Brazil. This study aims to understand the effects of normative induction. Design/methodology/approach The adoption of risk management, integrity & ethics and information security practices was evaluated over a decade (2009 to 2019), including the adoption behavior of more than 200 Brazilian federal agencies. Public open data were collected and analyzed with multinomial logistic regression. Findings The normative instructions’ effectiveness in propagating the evaluated practices is remarkable; however, its mere development by the superior bodies cannot be considered enough since the general adoption index can be considered good but not excellent. No evaluated practice reached a saturation level above 75%. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to bringing the international literature’s generic knowledge on the adoption of innovation to the specific Brazilian public administration context, providing insightful implications for policymakers, public managers and researchers. Practical implications This work is unique, as it systematically analyzes multiple innovation adoption and presents excellent opportunities for future researchers by reproducing all scripts and automation developed. Furthermore, all data are available and hosted on public platforms with detailed steps and documentation. Social implications The use of open data from governmental sources allows enhanced transparency and the discovery of affecting variables while observing innovation adoption in the public administration. Originality/value The presence of normative instructions and their adoption rate is rarely measured in the Brazilian public administration.

RESUMO Comumente, projetos de software livre comunitários são associados a um cenário organizacional que se assemelha mais “a um bazar do que a uma catedral", diferenciando-se da maneira tradicional ou “burocrática” de organizar o trabalho. Este artigo analisa a governança dessas organizações, pela perspectiva da estrutura e do controle, considerando a trajetória de desenvolvimento de três projetos de software livre comunitários brasileiros. Os resultados mostram que a constante necessidade de produzir tecnologias modernas gera pressões externas que promovem mudanças, especialmente temporárias, na governança desses projetos, fazendo-os parecer mais uma catedral do que um bazar. Além disso, a governança não segue um ciclo sequencial de aprimoramento, modificando-se na presença de atores organizacionais externos como patrocinadores. Isso sugere a necessidade de uma governança estratégica e flexível para lidar com a aquisição e alocação de recursos organizacionais. Teoricamente falando, a governança dos projetos aqui descritos varia ao longo de um espectro de (in)formalidade que permite que ambos os modelos de produção - catedral ou bazar - existam na mesma organização, em momentos distintos.

ABSTRACT It is common for community-based free software projects to be associated with an organizational scenario that resembles “a bazaar more than a cathedral,” and to differ from the traditional, or ‘bureaucratic’ way of organizing work. This paper analyzes the governance of these organizations from the perspective of their structure and control, considering the development trajectory of three community-based free software projects in Brazil. Results show that the constant need to produce modern technologies gives rise to external pressures that promote change - albeit temporary - in the governance of these projects, making them resemble a cathedral more than a bazaar. Governance does not follow a cycle of sequential improvement; it changes depending on the external organizational actors present, such as sponsors. This suggests the need for strategic and flexible governance to deal with the acquisition and allocation of organizational resources. Governance of the projects described here varies along a spectrum of (in)formality that allows both production models - cathedral or bazaar - to exist in the same organization at different periods.

RESUMEN Es común que los proyectos de software libre comunitario se asocien con un escenario organizacional que se asemeja “a un bazar más que a una catedral" y se diferencien de la forma tradicional o “burocrática” de organizar el trabajo. Este artículo analiza la gobernanza de estas organizaciones, desde la perspectiva de la estructura y el control, considerando la trayectoria de desarrollo de tres proyectos de software libre comunitario brasileños. Los resultados muestran que la necesidad constante de producir tecnología moderna genera presiones externas que promueven modificaciones, aunque temporales, en la gobernanza de estos proyectos, haciéndolos parecer más una catedral que un bazar. Además, la gobernanza no sigue un ciclo de mejora secuencial, cambia dependiendo de los actores organizacionales externos presentes, como los patrocinadores. Esto sugiere la necesidad de una gobernanza estratégica y flexible para hacer frente a la adquisición y asignación de recursos organizacionales. La gobernanza de los proyectos descritos aquí varía en un espectro de (in)formalidad que permite que ambos modelos de producción - bazar o catedral - existan en el mismo proyecto, en diferentes momentos.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é discutir as consequências pretendidas e não pretendidas em relação à adoção de inovações. Partindo das premissas apresentadas no trabalho seminal de Everett M. Rogers (Diffusion of Innovations), uma estrutura para a análise das consequências da adoção de inovações foi desenvolvida e depois aplicada ao caso da adoção de dados abertos pelo Governo do Distrito Federal do Brasil. O modelo é útil, pois demonstra que diferentes partes interessadas de uma inovação podem perceber de forma inversa os efeitos da mesma consequência, o que traz novas perspectivas na gestão do processo de inovação dentro de uma sociedade de viés pró-inovação. Com o modelo é possível analisar que alguns grupos exercem pressão contra a adoção da inovação não pela resistência à mudança, mas por perceber consequências negativas relacionadas à adoção da inovação. O estudo apresenta duas contribuições principais. Primeira teórica, apresentando um modelo para análise das consequências da adoção de inovações com base em revisão de literatura e entrevistas com especialistas. Segundo empírica, fornecendo uma maneira de mapear o processo de adoção de inovações em relação à visão dos diferentes papéis exercidos pelas partes interessadas, podendo ser utilizado tanto no setor privado quanto no setor público.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to discuss intended and unintended consequences regarding innovation adoption. Starting with the assumptions presented on the seminal work of Everett M. Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations, a framework to the analysis of the consequences of innovation adoption has been developed and then applied to the case of the open government data adoption by the Federal District Government of Brazil. The model is useful because it shows that different stakeholders of an innovation can perceive inversely the effects of the very same consequence, which brings new perspectives in the management of the innovation process inside a pro-innovation bias society. With the model, it is possible to analyze that some groups put pressure against innovation adoption, not because of resistance to change but because they are perceiving negative consequences related to the innovation adoption. The study presents two major contributions. First theoretical, presenting a model for analysis of the consequences of innovation adoption based on literature review and interview of specialists. Second empirical, providing a way to map the innovation adoption process regarding the view of the different stakeholders’ roles and can be used by the private and public sector.

RESUMEN El propósito de este documento es discutir las consecuencias previstas y no previstas de la adopción de innovaciones. A partir de los supuestos presentados en el trabajo fundacional de Everett M. Rogers “Diffusion of Innovations”, se ha desarrollado un marco de trabajo para el análisis de las consecuencias de la adopción de la innovación y luego se ha aplicado al caso de la adopción de datos abiertos por parte del Gobierno del Distrito Federal de Brasil. El modelo es útil porque muestra que las diferentes partes interesadas de un proceso de innovación pueden percibir de manera opuesta los efectos de una misma consecuencia, lo que aporta nuevas perspectivas en la gestión del proceso de innovación en el contexto de una sociedad con un sesgo favorable a la innovación. Con el modelo, es posible analizar que algunos grupos presionan en contra la adopción de la innovación, no por la resistencia al cambio, sino porque perciben consecuencias negativas relacionadas con la adopción de la innovación. El estudio presenta dos grandes contribuciones. La primera teórica, presentando un modelo para el análisis de las consecuencias de la adopción de la innovación basado en la revisión de la literatura y entrevistas a especialistas. El segundo empírico, al proporcionar una manera de mapear el proceso de adopción de la innovación con respecto a la visión de los diferentes papeles de las partes interesadas y que puede ser utilizado por el sector privado y el sector público.